![]() ![]() The Greek work, however, did not extend to a full coordinate system. In On Spirals, Archimedes describes his famous spiral, a function whose radius depends on the angle. The astronomer Hipparchus (190-120 BC) tabulated a table of chord functions giving the length of the chord for each angle, and there are references to his using polar coordinates in establishing stellar positions. It is known that the Greeks used the concepts of angle and radius. ![]() For many types of curves, a polar equation is the simplest means of representation for some others, it is the only such means. ![]() It is especially useful in situations where the relationship between two points is most easily expressed in terms of angles and distance in the Cartesian coordinate system, such a relationship can only be found through trigonometric formulae. The polar coordinate system is used in many fields, including mathematics, physics, engineering, navigation and robotics. In mathematics, the polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which points are given by an angle and a distance from a central point known as the pole (equivalent to the origin in the more familiar Cartesian coordinate system). A polar grid with several angles labeled. ![]()
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